Black Youth Development

The United States of America is home to long‐standing theoretical frameworks, perspectives and methodologies that have failed in their responsibility to Black Youth. Youth Development (YD) and Positive Youth Development (PYD) research, paradigms and practices have not produced the developmental models that appropriately promote Black Youth trajectories towards outcomes of resistance to the role racism and race play in the destruction of Black lives.

In light of these realities, we offer a model of Black Youth Development (BYD), extending the work of Perkins (2005). BYD highlights the need for explicit attention to the precariousness of Black youth lives particularly in urban centers. We use the elements of Hip-Hop Culture, Critical Race Theory, and social justice as critical race praxis to critique and challenge current research trends attributing the success of Black youth to grit, resilience, perseverance, and mental toughness. Our BYD model proposes three developmental domains: revolutionary consciousness, critical cultural consciousness, and critical self identity.